Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah (may Allah be pleased with him) holds a unique place in Islamic history, often remembered as the “Beloved of the Messenger.” His earliest years are marked by a transition from a free child of a noble tribe to a young boy separated from his family.
Lineage and Early Childhood
Hazrat Zayd was born into the tribe of Banu Kalb, a respected Arab tribe. His father was Harithah ibn Sharahil and his mother was Su’da bint Tha’labah.
* Age 0–4:Hazrat Zayd lived as a free child within his mother’s tribe. He was raised in a supportive environment, typical of the nomadic and semi-nomadic lifestyle of the region, where lineage and tribal identity were paramount.
* The Turning Point (Approx. Age 5):When Hazrat Zayd was roughly five years old, his mother took him on a journey to visit her family (the Banu Ma’n). During this trip, their encampment was raided by a rival tribe.
The Separation
During the raid, Hazrat Zayd was captured and taken away. This event fundamentally changed the trajectory of his life:
* Captivity:At the age of five, Hazrat Zayd was taken to the famous Market of ‘Ukaz (near Makkah) to be sold as a slave.
* Purchase:He was purchased byHakim ibn Hizam, who bought the young boy for 400 dirhams on behalf of his aunt,Hazrat Khadijah bint Khuwaylid.
*Entry into the Household of the Prophet:After Hazrat Khadijah married the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), she gave Hazrat Zayd to him as a gift.
Life in Makkah (Post-Capture)
While the first five years ended in the trauma of kidnapping, his subsequent years were defined by the immense love he received in the Prophet’s household. Even before the revelation of Islam, the Prophet treated Hazrat Zayd with such kindness that when Hazrat Zayd’s biological father eventually found him and offered to pay a ransom, Hazrat Zayd famously chose to stay with Muhammad (peace be upon him) instead of returning home.
>Key Fact:Hazrat Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah is the only companion (Sahabi) mentioned by name in the Quran (Surah Al-Ahzab, 33:37).
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The story of how Harithah ( Hazrat Zayd’s father) found his son is one of the most touching accounts in Islamic history. It involves a chance encounter, a father’s poetic grief, and a life-changing choice.
The Father’s Grief
For years after Hazrat Zayd was kidnapped at the age of five, Harithah searched tirelessly for him. He was a man of noble standing and was heartbroken, often reciting poetry to express his longing. One of his famous laments said:
> “I weep for Hazrat Zayd, not knowing what became of him. Is he alive, is he to be expected, or has death come over him? By God, I ask yet do not comprehend… The sun reminds me of him when it dawns, evoking his memory as the dusk falls.”
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The Chance Encounter
Years passed until Hazrat Zayd was a young man. The discovery happened through pilgrims from the Banu Kalb tribe:
* The Recognition:Some members of Hazrat Zayd’s tribe came to Makkah for the Hajj pilgrimage. While there, they recognized Hazrat Zayd (some sources say they struck up a conversation and realized his lineage).
* The Message:Hazrat Zayd recognized them as well. He sent a message back with them to his father, essentially saying: “Tell my people I am here, living with the noblest of families. Do not grieve, for I am well.”
* The Journey:Upon hearing the news, Harithah and his brother ( Hazrat Zayd’s uncle) immediately set out for Makkah, carrying a large sum of money to pay for his ransom.
The Meeting with the Prophet (PBUH)
Harithah and his brother found the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) at the Kaaba. They pleaded with him: “O son of the chief of his people! We have come to you for our son. Be generous and accept a ransom for him.”
The Prophet’s response was unexpected and beautiful. He said:
> “Let us call Hazrat Zayd and give him the choice. If he chooses you, he is yours without any ransom. But if he chooses me, I will not choose anyone over him who chooses to stay with me.”
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The Choice That Made History
When Hazrat Zayd arrived, he immediately recognized his father and uncle. However, when asked what he wanted to do, Hazrat Zayd replied:
>“I will not choose anyone over you [the Prophet]. You are to me like a father and an uncle combined.”
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Harithah was shocked and shouted, “OZayd! Do you prefer slavery over freedom, and over your own father and tribe?” Hazrat Zayd replied that he had seen such noble character and love from Muhammad (peace be upon him) that he could never leave him.
The Adoption
To heal Harithah’s heart and honor Hazrat Zayd’s loyalty, the Prophet immediately took Hazrat Zayd to the public area of the Kaaba and announced:
>“Bear witness thatHazrat Zayd is my son; I am his heir and he is mine.”
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Seeing that his son was not a “slave” but a beloved member of the most respected family in Makkah, Harithah’s heart was finally at peace. He returned home satisfied, knowing his son was in the best possible hands.
Following the public adoption at the Kaaba, Hazrat Zayd’s life entered a new chapter characterized by high social standing, the coming of Islam, and eventually, a significant change in his legal identity.
1. Life as “Hazrat Zayd ibn Muhammad”
After the announcement,Hazrat Zayd was no longer referred to as Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah. He became known throughout Makkah as Hazrat Zayd ibn Muhammad.
* Social Standing:He moved from the status of a freedman to the son of one of Makkah’s most respected men.
* Inheritance:Under the customs of the time, he was considered a legal heir to the Prophet (peace be upon him).
* Bond of Love:The relationship between them was so close that the people of Makkah nicknamed Hazrat Zayd Hibbu Rasulillah (The Beloved of the Messenger of Allah).
2. Acceptance of Islam
When the Prophet (peace be upon him) received the first revelation (Wahi) at the age of 40, Hazrat Zayd was one of the very first people to be told.
* Early Convert:Hazrat Zayd did not hesitate. He is recorded as the second male to embrace Islam (after Ali ibn Abi Talib, though some historians argue Hazrat Zayd was the first among the freedmen/adult males).
* Persecution:Like other early Muslims, Hazrat Zayd faced the hardships and boycotts imposed by the Quraysh, standing firmly by the Prophet’s side throughout the difficult years in Makkah.
3. The Revelation and Change of Name
Years later, after the migration (Hijrah) to Madinah, a major shift occurred regarding Hazrat Zayd’s identity. Allah revealed verses in the Quran (Surah Al-Ahzab) that prohibited the pre-Islamic practice of legal adoption (where an adopted son has the same legal rights as a biological one).
> “Call them by [the names of] their fathers; it is more just in the sight of Allah…” (Quran 33:5)
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* The Reversion:Following this revelation, Hazrat Zayd stopped using the name ” Hazrat Zayd ibn Muhammad” and went back to his biological name,Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah.
* Status Maintained:While his legal “sonship” ended, his emotional bond with the Prophet remained unchanged. The Prophet continued to love him like a son, and Hazrat Zayd remained his close confidant and a commander in the Muslim army.
4. Marriage to Zaynab bint Jahsh
One of the most complex periods followed this name change. To further break the social stigma surrounding “freed slaves,” the Prophet arranged for Hazrat Zayd to marry Zaynab bint Jahsh, who was of noble Quraysh lineage and the Prophet’s own cousin.
* This marriage eventually ended in divorce, leading to another significant event where the Prophet himself was commanded by Allah to marry Zaynab to demonstrate that a man could marry the ex-wife of an adopted son (as they are not biological kin).
Hazrat Zayd’s Legacy in Madinah
Hazrat Zayd went on to become a brave military leader. He was the only Sahabi (Companion) to be mentioned by name in the Quran, specifically in relation to these events. He eventually met his martyrdom (Shahadah) leading the Muslim army at the Battle of Mu’tah.
The marriage between Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah (RA) and Hazrat Zaynab bint Jahsh (RA) was a significant event in Islamic history, not just for their personal lives, but for the social and legal precedents it established.
The Challenges of the Marriage
Despite being arranged by the Prophet (peace be upon him) to break down tribal and class barriers, the marriage faced difficulties from the start:
* Social Differences:Hazrat Zaynab (RA) was from the high-noble lineage of the Quraysh and was the Prophet’s cousin. Hazrat Zayd (RA), though noble by birth in his own tribe, had the social stigma of having been enslaved.
* Lack of Compatibility:The two had very different temperaments. Their personalities clashed, and the marriage was marked by frequent tension.
*Hazrat Zayd’s Request for Divorce:Hazrat Zayd (RA) approached the Prophet (peace be upon him) several times, expressing his unhappiness and his desire to divorce Zaynab. Each time, the Prophet advised him: “Keep your wife to yourself and fear Allah” (Quran 33:37).
The Divorce and Divine Revelation
Eventually, the marriage reached a point where it could not continue, and Hazrat Zayd (RA) divorced Hazrat Zaynab. Shortly after, a series of verses in Surah Al-Ahzab were revealed that changed Islamic law forever:
* Abolition of Legal Adoption:Allah decreed that adopted sons do not have the same legal status as biological sons. Therefore, the ex-wife of an adopted son is not mahram (forbidden) to the adoptive father.
* The Prophet’s Marriage to Zaynab:To demonstrate this new law in practice, Allah commanded the Prophet (peace be upon him) to marry Zaynab bint Jahsh himself. This was done to prove that adoption does not create a biological bloodline.
Hazrat Zayd’s Life Post-Divorce
Hazrat Zayd’s life after this period remained one of intense devotion and high-ranking service:
* Remarriage:Hazrat Zayd later married Umm Kulthum bint Uqbah, a noblewoman from the Quraysh, showing that his status in society remained elevated. He also had a famous son, Usama ibn Hazrat Zayd, from his earlier marriage to Umm Ayman.
* Military Command:Hazrat Zayd became one of the most trusted military commanders. The Prophet (peace be upon him) appointed him to lead several expeditions, including the famous Battle of Mu’tah.
* The “Beloved” Status:Despite no longer being called “Hazrat Zayd ibn Muhammad,” his nickname Hibbu Rasulillah (The Beloved of the Messenger) stayed with him until his death.
His Martyrdom (The Battle of Mu’tah)
The ultimate chapter of Hazrat Zayd’s life occurred in the year 8 AH:
* The Appointment:The Prophet sent an army of 3,000 to the borders of the Byzantine Empire. He appointed Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah as the first commander. He famously said: “If Hazrat Zayd is killed, then Ja’far ibn Abi Talib should take over; if Ja’far is killed, then Abdullah ibn Rawahah should take over.”
* The Battle:Hazrat Zayd fought with immense bravery, carrying the banner of Islam until he was pierced by spears and died as a martyr (Shahid) on the battlefield.
* The Prophet’s Grief:When news reached Madinah, the Prophet (peace be upon him) wept openly. When asked why he was crying so much, he replied, “This is the crying of a lover for his beloved.”
Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah (may Allah be pleased with him) was not just a close companion; he was a highly skilled military strategist. The Prophet (peace be upon him) trusted his leadership so much that Hazrat Zayd is said to have led seven or eight expeditions as the primary commander.
Here are the major battles and expeditions in which he played a central role:
1. The Battle of Badr (2 AH)
Hazrat Zayd fought as a key soldier in this foundational battle of Islam. After the Muslim victory, the Prophet sent Hazrat Zayd back to Madinah to announce the news of the triumph to the city’s inhabitants.
2. The Expedition of Al-Qarada (3 AH)
This was the first time Hazrat Zayd was appointed as the Supreme Commander of a mission.
* The Goal:To intercept a Quraysh caravan led by Abu Sufyan that was trying to bypass the usual route to Syria to avoid the Muslims.
* Outcome:Hazrat Zayd successfully intercepted the caravan, securing a significant amount of silver and goods for the Muslim community without a major loss of life.
3. The Battle of Uhud (3 AH)
Hazrat Zayd fought bravely alongside the Prophet during this difficult battle, defending him during the most intense moments of the Quraysh’s counter-attack.
4. The Battle of the Trench (Khandaq) (5 AH)
Hazrat Zayd was among the defenders of Madinah during the Great Siege. He played a vital role in the various skirmishes that took place around the trench.
5. The Expedition of Al-Jumum (6 AH)
The Prophet sent Hazrat Zayd at the head of a force to a place called Al-Jumum.
* Outcome: He captured a caravan belonging to the Banu Sulaym and took several prisoners, further weakening the economic alliances of the Quraysh.
6. The Expedition of Al-Is (6 AH)
Hazrat Zayd led 170 riders to intercept another Meccan caravan.
* Outcome:This was a highly successful mission where they captured the caravan of Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi’ (the Prophet’s son-in-law at the time, who later embraced Islam).
7. The Expedition of Wadi al-Qura (6 AH)
Hazrat Zayd was sent to survey the area of Wadi al-Qura. This was a particularly tough mission where Hazrat Zayd was wounded and several of his companions were martyred before they eventually secured the area.
8. The Battle of Mu’tah (8 AH)– His Last Stand
This was Hazrat Zayd’s most famous and final command. The Prophet sent 3,000 men to the borders of the Byzantine Empire (modern-day Jordan) to seek justice for a murdered emissary.
* The Command:Hazrat Zayd was appointed the first commander.
* The Martyrdom:Facing an army of nearly 100,000 to 200,000 Byzantines and their allies, Hazrat Zayd fought with incredible courage. He held the Muslim banner high until he was struck by spears and died on the battlefield as a martyr (Shahid).
A Unique Distinction
Because of his frequent leadership roles, the Sahaba (Companions) used to say:
> “The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) never sent Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah in an army without appointing him as its commander.”
Battle of Badr (2 AH)
Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah(may Allah be pleased with him) played a vital role during the Battle of Badr (2 AH), both as a warrior on the front lines and as a high-level messenger for the Muslim community.
At this stage in history, Hazrat Zayd was still known as Hazrat Zayd ibn Muhammad, and his proximity to the Prophet (peace be upon him) meant he was involved in every strategic phase of the battle.
1. On the Battlefield
Hazrat Zayd was one of the core group of Muhajirun (emigrants from Makkah) who stood firmly by the Prophet.
* Combat:He fought with great bravery and distinction. While Badr is famous for the duels of Ali, Hamza, and Ubaydah (may Allah be pleased with them), Hazrat Zayd was part of the central force that broke the lines of the Quraysh.
* The “Beloved” Warrior:His presence on the field was a source of strength for the Prophet, as Hazrat Zayd was not just a soldier but someone the Prophet loved like a son.
2. The Role of the “Harbinger of Victory”
Perhaps his most famous contribution to the Battle of Badr happened immediately after the fighting ended. The Prophet (peace be upon him) chose two men to rush back to Madinah to deliver the news of the miraculous victory: Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah and Abdullah ibn Rawahah.
* The Mission:They were sent ahead of the main army to reassure the people of Madinah, who were anxious about the outcome of the first major confrontation between the Muslims and the Quraysh.
* The Arrival:Hazrat Zayd entered Madinah riding the Prophet’s own camel, Al-Qaswa.
* The Reaction:When the people saw Hazrat Zayd on the Prophet’s camel, some initially feared the worst (thinking the Prophet had been martyred and the camel captured). However, Hazrat Zayd began shouting the names of the high-ranking Quraysh leaders who had been defeated and killed, such as Abu Jahl and Umayyah ibn Khalaf.
3. Strategic Importance
By choosing Hazrat Zayd for this task, the Prophet demonstrated his absolute trust in him. Hazrat Zayd’s arrival provided much-needed relief to the Muslims in Madinah, including the Prophet’s daughter Ruqayyah (who was ill at the time) and those who had stayed behind to guard the city.
A Touching Detail
While Hazrat Zayd was celebrating the victory and announcing it to the people, he was also grieving. He arrived in Madinah only to find that the Prophet’s daughter, Ruqayyah (the wife of Uthman ibn Affan), had passed away due to illness during the army’s absence. Hazrat Zayd had to balance the joy of the military triumph with the somber reality of the loss within the Prophet’s family.
The Expedition of Al-Qarada (3 AH)
Hazrat Zayd bin Harithah (RA) played a pivotal role in the Expedition of Al-Qarada (also known as the Raid on al-Qarada), which took place in Jumada al-Thaniyah, 3 AH (November 624 CE). This mission was a strategic masterstroke that crippled the economic lifeline of the Quraysh following their defeat at Badr.
Role and Importance of Hazrat Zayd bin Harithah (RA)
Hazrat Zayd bin Harithah was the commander of this expedition, leading a group of approximately 100 horsemen. His involvement was critical for several reasons:
* Strategic Interception:After the Battle of Badr, the Quraysh were afraid to take the usual coastal trade route to Syria. They attempted to use a new, inland route through Najd to Iraq. Hazrat Zayd was tasked with finding and intercepting this caravan.
* Economic Impact:The caravan was carrying a massive fortune, including silver and merchandise valued at roughly 100,000 dirhams. Under Hazrat Zayd’s leadership, the Muslims captured the entire booty, which was a devastating financial blow to the Meccan leadership.
* Leadership Trust:This expedition showcased the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) immense trust in Hazrat Zayd. It was one of the earliest times Hazrat Zayd was given sole command of a significant military mission, setting the stage for his future roles as a top general.
* Intelligence Success:Hazrat Zayd managed to surprise the Quraysh. The caravan leaders, including Safwan ibn Umayyah, were so caught off guard that they fled immediately, leaving their riches behind.
The “Motivational Speech” and Leadership Style
While classical historical texts (like The Sealed Nectar or Ibn Hisham) do not record a formal “stump speech” in the modern sense for the Al-Qarada expedition, Hazrat Zayd’s leadership was defined by tactical instructions and spiritual motivation.
In similar expeditions (such as Wadi al-Qura), Hazrat Zayd was known to give specific orders to maintain discipline and morale:
* The Order of Stealth:He famously commanded his men to “hide by day and march by night” to maintain the element of surprise.
* The Takbir Signal:He instructed his soldiers to remain silent and cohesive, saying, “When I proclaim Takbir (Allahu Akbar), you proclaim Takbir,” ensuring that the entire force acted as one unified, intimidating body during the ambush.
* Spiritual Resolve:As a leader, Hazrat Zayd’s primary “speech” was his own example. He was known as Al-Habib (The Beloved), and his unwavering loyalty to the Prophet served as the ultimate motivation for his men.
> “I have seen something in this man (the Prophet), and I am not the kind of person who would ever choose anyone in preference to him.” — Hazrat Zayd’s famous declaration of loyalty.
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Importance of the Result
The success of Hazrat Zayd’s mission at Al-Qarada forced the Quraysh into a corner. Having lost their trade routes and their wealth, they realized they could no longer ignore the growing power in Medina, which directly led to the escalations resulting in the Battle of Uhud.
The Battle of Uhud (3 AH)
The Battle of Uhud (3 AH)was one of the most testing times for the early Muslim community. Unlike Badr, which was a clear victory, Uhud was a day of intense struggle, and Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah (RA) was at the very heart of the defense.
1. A Trusted Commander of the Scouts
Before the main battle began, Hazrat Zayd was involved in the strategic intelligence gathering. The Prophet (peace be upon him) often relied on Hazrat Zayd to lead small groups of scouts to monitor the movements of the massive Quraysh army (3,000 strong) as they approached Madinah.
2. Position in the Ranks
During the battle, Hazrat Zayd fought in the infantry. He was positioned among the core group of the Muhajirun (the Emigrants).
* When the battle began, the Muslims initially had the upper hand, and Hazrat Zayd was among those pushing the Meccan lines back.
* However, when the archers left their posts on the hill and Khalid ibn al-Walid (who had not yet embraced Islam) led a cavalry charge from the rear, the situation turned into chaos.
3. Shielding the Prophet (PBUH)
The most critical role Hazrat Zayd played at Uhud was during the second phase of the battle, when the Prophet (peace be upon him) was targeted by the enemy and rumors spread that he had been killed.
* The Human Shield:Hazrat Zayd was one of the few companions who never fled the field. Along with others like Abu Bakr, Ali, Talhah, and the woman warrior Nusaybah bint Ka’ab, Hazrat Zayd formed a protective circle around the Prophet.
* Fighting Under Pressure:Hazrat Zayd fought desperately to repel the attackers who were throwing stones and firing arrows at the Prophet. It was during this time that the Prophet was wounded, and Hazrat Zayd stayed by his side until they were able to retreat to the safety of the mountain passes.
4. Post-Battle Resilience
After the battle, despite the heavy losses (including the martyrdom of Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib), Hazrat Zayd remained a pillar of support. He helped in the somber task of identifying the martyrs and comforting the grieving families in Madinah.
The Military Legacy of Hazrat Zayd
Uhud proved Hazrat Zayd’s absolute loyalty. It was after this battle that the Prophet (peace be upon him) began to appoint him as the Supreme Commander of almost every expedition he was sent on. The Prophet knew that whether the tide of battle was for them or against them, Hazrat Zayd would never waver.
Battle of Khandaq (The Trench) in 5 AH
Hazrat Zayd bin Harithah (RA) played a central role in the Battle of Khandaq (The Trench) in 5 AH, specifically in the areas of leadership, internal security, and morale.
While the Battle of Khandaq is often remembered for the strategy of Salman al-Farsi (RA) and the duels of Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA), Hazrat Zayd was one of the Prophet’s (PBUH) most trusted senior commanders during the siege.
1. Role as Standard Bearer
One of Hazrat Zayd’s most prominent roles in Khandaq was as the Standard Bearer (Flag Bearer) of the Muhajireen (Emigrants).
* The Prophet (PBUH) assigned the main banner of the Emigrants to Hazrat Zayd, while Sa’d ibn ‘Ubada held the banner for the Ansar.
* In 7th-century warfare, the standard-bearer was the visual heart of the army. If the flag stayed up, the army stayed firm. Hazrat Zayd’s position meant he was responsible for maintaining the formation and spirit of the Muhajireen throughout the grueling 27-day siege.
2. Guarding the Vulnerable Points
The Trench was not a perfect circle; there were narrow points where the enemy cavalry tried to leap across.
* Hazrat Zayd was part of the elite group of companions tasked with patrolling and guarding these weak points day and night.
* Because the threat of a breakthrough was constant, Hazrat Zayd’s tactical experience from previous expeditions (like Al-Qarada) was vital in organizing the defense and preventing the Confederates (Al-Ahzab) from crossing into Medina.
3. Protecting the Rear (Banu Quraiza Crisis)
During the siege, the Jewish tribe of Banu Quraiza, who lived within the city’s defenses, broke their treaty with the Muslims. This created a “war on two fronts,” leaving the Muslim women and children vulnerable.
* Hazrat Zayd was involved in the internal security of the city. While the main army was at the Trench, Hazrat Zayd and other senior companions coordinated the protection of the fortresses where the families were sheltered.
* His presence provided a sense of security to the panicked residents of Medina when rumors of the Banu Quraiza’s betrayal began to spread.
Impact on the War
Hazrat Zayd’s impact was less about a single “big moment” and more about stability and logistics:
* Reliability:The Prophet (PBUH) famously said he never sent Hazrat Zayd on a mission without making him the commander. In Khandaq, Hazrat Zayd acted as a “force multiplier”—his presence allowed the Prophet to focus on the overall strategy while Hazrat Zayd ensured the frontline troops remained disciplined under cold, hungry, and terrifying conditions.
* The Psychological Factor:As the “Beloved of the Messenger,” Hazrat Zayd’s unwavering calm during the siege served as a primary source of motivation for the younger Sahaba.
* Post-War Transition:Immediately after the Confederates retreated, the Prophet (PBUH) turned to deal with the Banu Quraiza. Hazrat Zayd’s leadership was again crucial during this immediate transition from a defensive siege to an offensive operation.
>Key Fact: It was shortly after the Battle of Khandaq (and the subsequent events with Banu Quraiza) that the verses of Surah Al-Ahzab were revealed, which specifically mention Hazrat Zayd bin Harithah by name—making him the only companion of the Prophet mentioned in the Quran.
5. The Expedition of Al-Jumum (6 AH)
In the Expedition of Al-Jumum (September 627 CE), Hazrat Zayd bin Harithah (RA) served as the Supreme Commander. This mission was a direct follow-up to the Battle of Khandaq, aimed at neutralizing the Banu Salim tribe, who had been key allies of the Quraysh during the siege of Medina.
Hazrat Zayd’s role was defined by tactical precision and an emphasis on intelligence-gathering over sheer force.
Hazrat Zayd’s Key Strategic Actions
1. The Element of Surprise
Hazrat Zayd led a force of interception cavalry to Al-Jumum (a location in the Wadi Fatimah region). His primary role was to strike before the Banu Salim could mobilize. By marching rapidly and maintaining strict operational security, he reached their territory without being detected.
2. The Capture of “Halima” (Intelligence)
One of the most significant moments of this expedition was the capture of a woman from the Muzaynah tribe named Halima.
* Hazrat Zayd’s Leadership:Rather than treating the prisoner harshly, Hazrat Zayd utilized her knowledge of the local terrain.
*The Result:Halima showed Hazrat Zayd and his men the exact location of the Banu Salim’s military camp and their livestock. This allowed Hazrat Zayd to execute a pinpoint raid rather than wandering blindly through the valley.
3. Execution of the Raid
Under Hazrat Zayd’s command, the Muslim forces launched a sudden assault on the camp. The Banu Salim were completely caught off guard:
* Capture of Resources:Hazrat Zayd secured a large number of camels, sheep, and goats.
* Prisoners of War:Many warriors from the Banu Salim were taken captive.
* Zero Casualties:Because of Hazrat Zayd’s efficient planning and the surprise factor, the mission was accomplished with minimal bloodshed.
Importance of the Expedition
The role Hazrat Zayd played here had three major impacts on the early Islamic state:
* Economic Crippling:The Banu Salim were a wealthy tribe. By seizing their livestock, Hazrat Zayd deprived them of the resources they needed to fund further attacks against Medina.
* Breaking the Confederacy:This mission signaled to the “Ahzab” (the confederated tribes) that Medina was now taking the fight to their doorsteps. It effectively broke the morale of the tribes surrounding Mecca.
* The Prophet’s Trust:Upon Hazrat Zayd’s return to Medina, the Prophet (PBUH) was highly pleased with the outcome. Hazrat Zayd’s success at Al-Jumum reinforced his status as the Prophet’s “go-to” general for high-stakes, fast-moving desert operations.
A Note on Mercy
Following the expedition, the Prophet (PBUH) showed great kindness to the prisoners Hazrat Zayd brought back. In a famous gesture of’ reconciliation, the woman Halima was granted her freedom and given gifts, which eventually led her and many others from the region to embrace Islam.
The Expedition of Al-Is (6 AH)
The Expedition of Al-Is (Jumada al-Ula, 6 AH / October 627 CE) was one of the most successful strategic raids led by Hazrat Zayd bin Harithah (RA). It took place roughly six months after the Battle of the Trench and served as a major financial blow to the Quraysh.
Here is the breakdown of Hazrat Zayd’s role and the significance of this mission:
1. Supreme Commander of the Cavalry
The Prophet (PBUH) appointed Hazrat Zayd to lead a force of 170 horsemen. His objective was to intercept a massive Quraysh caravan returning from Syria to Mecca.
* The Target:The caravan was led by Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi’ (the Prophet’s son-in-law, who had not yet embraced Islam).
* The Location:Al-Is was a strategic watering station on the coastal trade route, about four days’ journey from Medina.
2. Tactical Success and Capture
Hazrat Zayd’s leadership during this mission was characterized by speed and precision.
* The Ambush:Hazrat Zayd managed to surprise the caravan guards completely. Because of the speed of his cavalry, the Quraysh defenders were overwhelmed before they could organize a defense.
*The Booty:Hazrat Zayd successfully captured the entire caravan, which included a large amount of silver belonging to the merchants of Mecca.
*Prisoners:Most of the caravan guards fled, but Hazrat Zayd’s men captured several prisoners, including Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi’.
3. Impact on the Quraysh Economy
This expedition was the “final nail in the coffin” for Meccan trade with Syria.
* By successfully raiding at Al-Is, Hazrat Zayd proved that the Muslims had total control over the northern trade routes.
* The loss of this specific caravan caused a financial crisis in Mecca, further weakening their ability to fund another massive army like the one they had assembled for the Battle of the Trench.
4. The Human Element: Abu al-As
The aftermath of Hazrat Zayd’s raid led to a famous story of mercy. Abu al-As managed to escape and secretly entered Medina to seek the protection (neighborly protection) of his wife, Zaynab (RA) (the daughter of the Prophet).
* When the Prophet (PBUH) learned of this, he respected the protection Zaynab offered.
* Following the Prophet’s lead, Hazrat Zayd and his men returned all the captured goods to Abu al-As voluntarily.
* Impressed by this integrity and the character of Hazrat Zayd’s soldiers, Abu al-As returned to Mecca, settled his debts, and then returned to Medina to embrace Islam.
Summary of Importance
Hazrat Zayd’s role in Al-Is was not just military; it was strategic and diplomatic.He proved that:
* Medina could project power hundreds of miles away.
* The Muslim army was disciplined enough to follow the Prophet’s moral guidance even after a major victory.
* The Quraysh were now effectively under an economic blockade.
The Expedition of Wadi al-Qura (6 AH)
Hazrat Zayd bin Harithah (may Allah be pleased with him) played a central and dual role in the events surrounding Wadi al-Qura in 6 AH. His involvement is typically divided into two distinct phases: an initial scouting/trading mission that met with disaster, and a subsequent retaliatory expedition that he commanded.
1. The Initial Encounter (The Ambush)
In late 6 AH (around November 627 or Ramadan), Hazrat Zayd bin Harithah was leading a party near Wadi al-Qura. Sources differ on the primary objective—some describe it as a trading mission to Syria with goods belonging to the Sahaba, while others suggest it was a scouting mission of 12 men sent to monitor enemy movements.
* The Attack:While near Wadi al-Qura, they were ambushed by the Banu Fazarah (a branch of the Banu Badr).
* Outcome:The encounter was brutal; nine of the Muslim companions were killed. Hazrat Zayd himself was severely wounded and was carried from the field, eventually making his way back to Medina to recover.
2. The Expedition of Revenge (The Command)
Deeply affected by the loss of his companions, Hazrat Zayd vowed that he would not perform ritual washing until he had settled the matter with the Banu Fazarah. Once he recovered from his wounds in Shawwal/January 6 AH, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) appointed him as the Commander of a larger force to return to Wadi al-Qura.
* Tactics:Hazrat Zayd led the army with strategic caution, often traveling by night to maintain the element of surprise.
* The Battle:They engaged the Banu Fazarah at dawn. The Muslims were victorious, inflicting heavy casualties and capturing several members of the tribe.
* Key Figures:During this expedition, the elderly tribal leader Umm Qirfa, who was known for her intense hostility toward the Muslims and for instigating the initial attack, was captured and killed. Her daughter was also taken prisoner (later exchanged for Muslim captives in Mecca).
Summary of His Role
Hazrat Zayd’s role was that of a resilient commander. He transitioned from a survivor of a tragic ambush to the leader who restored the security of the region. This expedition further solidified his reputation as one of the Prophet’s most trusted military leaders—a sentiment famously echoed by Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), who noted that the Prophet never sent Hazrat Zayd on an expedition except as its commander.
The Battle of Mu’tah (8 AH)
In the Battle of Mu’tah (8 AH / 629 CE), Hazrat Zayd bin Harithah occupied the most significant position of his military career. This battle was the first major confrontation between the Muslim forces and the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire and its Ghassanid Arab allies.
1. Appointment as the First Commander
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) organized an army of 3,000 men to march toward Balqa (modern-day Jordan) after the Muslim envoy, Al-Harith bin Umayr al-Azdi, was executed by the Ghassanid governor.The Prophet explicitly appointed a chain of command, placing Hazrat Zayd at the very top:
> “If Hazrat Zayd is wounded [or killed], then Ja’far bin Abi Talib will take over. If Ja’far is wounded [or killed], then Abdullah bin Rawahah will take over.“> This appointment was a testament to the Prophet’s immense trust in Hazrat Zayd’s strategic capabilities and his status as the “Beloved of the Messenger of Allah.”
2. Strategic Leadership and the March
As the Commander-in-Chief, Hazrat Zayd led the army on a grueling march of over 600 miles. Upon reaching Ma’an, the Muslim intelligence discovered that the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius had assembled a massive coalition force, estimated by historians to be between 100,000 and 200,000 soldiers.* The Council of War:Facing overwhelming odds, some soldiers suggested writing back to the Prophet for reinforcements or further instructions.* Hazrat Zayd’s Decision:Encouraged by the stirring speech of Abdullah bin Rawahah—who reminded them they fought for martyrdom, not numbers—Hazrat Zayd made the executive decision to proceed and engage the enemy at Mu’tah.
3. Bravery on the Battlefield
The battle began with Hazrat Zayd bin Harithah leading from the front lines, carrying the White Standard (Flag) of the Prophet. Despite the staggering numerical disparity, Hazrat Zayd displayed extraordinary courage, charging directly into the heart of the Byzantine ranks.* The Combat:Hazrat Zayd fought with intense ferocity, holding the banner high to maintain the morale of the 3,000-man force against the sea of Roman legionaries.* His Martyrdom:While deep in the fray, Hazrat Zayd was struck by enemy spears. He continued to fight until he succumbed to his wounds, falling as the first of the three appointed leaders to achieve martyrdom (Shahadah).
4. Aftermath and the Prophet’s Grief
When news of the battle reached Medina through divine revelation, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was visibly devastated. He publicly announced the deaths of the three commanders with tears in his eyes.* The “Beloved” Relationship:When the Prophet visited Hazrat Zayd’s home after the battle, Hazrat Zayd’s young daughter ran to him, crying. The Prophet wept so profusely that his companions were moved. When asked about his intense grief, he replied: > “This is the yearning of the lover for the beloved.” >
Summary of His Role
Hazrat Zayd bin Harithah’s role in Mu’tah was that of a pioneer and a martyr. He was the first commander to lead a Muslim army against a world superpower, setting a precedent for bravery and discipline that would define future Islamic military history.
FAQs based on the life of Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah (RA).
1. Who is the only companion mentioned by name in the Quran?
Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah (RA) holds the unique distinction of being the only companion mentioned by name in the Quran (Surah Al-Ahzab, 33:37), making him one of the most famous sahaba in Islam.
2. Why was Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah called the “Beloved of the Messenger”?
Due to their deep emotional bond, the people of Makkah nicknamed himHibbu Rasulillah. His life is central to many stories of sahaba that highlight the Prophet’s (PBUH) immense love for his companions.
3. What was Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah’s lineage?
He was born into the noble tribe of Banu Kalb. His father was Harithah ibn Sharahil and his mother was Su’da bint Tha’labah, proving that many famous sahaba in Islam came from respected tribal backgrounds.
4. How did Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah become a slave if he was born free?
At age five, while traveling with his mother, his encampment was raided. He was captured and sold at the Market of ‘Ukaz, a tragic beginning found in the early stories of sahaba.
5. How did Hazrat Zayd enter the household of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)?
He was purchased by Hakim ibn Hizam for Hazrat Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (RA). After her marriage to the Prophet (PBUH), she gave Hazrat Zayd to him as a gift.
6. Why did Hazrat Zayd refuse to leave the Prophet (PBUH) when his father found him?
When given the choice to return to his noble family or stay with the Prophet (PBUH), Hazrat Zayd chose the Prophet, stating he had seen such noble character that he could never leave. This is one of the most heart-touching stories of sahaba.
7. Was Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah ever legally the son of the Prophet?
Yes, after Hazrat Zayd chose to stay, the Prophet (PBUH) publicly adopted him at the Kaaba, and he was known as “Hazrat Zayd ibn Muhammad” for many years.
8. Why did Hazrat Zayd change his name back to Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah?
Following the revelation of Quran 33:5, which prohibited legal adoption in favor of maintaining biological lineage, he reverted to his father’s name. This event is a key pillar in the legal stories of sahaba.
9. When did Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah embrace Islam?
Hazrat Zayd was among the very first to accept the message. Historians often cite him as the second male to embrace Islam, cementing his place among the most famous sahaba in Islam.
10. What role did Hazrat Zayd play during the Battle of Badr?
Hazrat Zayd fought bravely on the front lines and was later chosen as the “Harbinger of Victory” to ride back to Madinah and announce the Muslim triumph.
11. Why did the Prophet (PBUH) trust Hazrat Zayd as a military commander?
Hazrat Zayd was a brilliant strategist. It is said the Prophet (PBUH) never sent Hazrat Zayd in an army without appointing him as its leader, a recurring theme in the military stories of sahaba.
12. What was the Expedition of Al-Qarada?
Led by Hazrat Zayd in 3 AH, this was a strategic mission that intercepted a Quraysh caravan, dealing a major economic blow to the enemies of Islam.
13. How did Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah defend the Prophet at the Battle of Uhud?
During the chaos of Uhud, Hazrat Zayd was part of the “human shield” that stayed by the Prophet’s (PBUH) side, protecting him from enemy arrows and stones.
14. What was Hazrat Zayd’s role in the Battle of the Trench (Khandaq)?
He served as the Standard Bearer for the Muhajireen and was responsible for guarding vulnerable points along the trench during the 27-day siege.
15. Why did Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah marry Zaynab bint Jahsh?
The marriage was arranged by the Prophet (PBUH) to break down class barriers between noblewomen and freed slaves, a significant social reform in the stories of sahaba.
16. Who is the son of Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah?
His son was Usama ibn Hazrat Zayd, who also became a famous sahaba in Islam and was later appointed by the Prophet (PBUH) to lead an army at a very young age.
17. What happened at the Expedition of Al-Is?
Hazrat Zayd led 170 riders to capture a major Meccan caravan, which led to the conversion of the Prophet’s son-in-law, Abu al-As, another beautiful entry in the stories of sahaba.
Martyrdom
18. How did Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah die?
He achieved martyrdom (Shahadah) at the Battle of Mu’tah in 8 AH while leading the Muslim army against the Byzantine Empire.
19. What did the Prophet (PBUH) say about Hazrat Zayd’s death?
When the Prophet (PBUH) wept for Hazrat Zayd, he described his grief as “the yearning of the lover for the beloved,” showing the deep humanity found in the stories of sahaba.
20. Where is Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah buried?
He is buried in Mu’tah (modern-day Jordan) alongside Ja’far ibn Abi Talib and Abdullah ibn Rawahah, fellow martyrs and famous sahaba in Islam.
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